Physics Formula Sheet
Essential Equations & Constants
Essential physics equations and constants for students and professionals
🔢Important Physics Constants
Mechanics
Velocity
Distance divided by time
Acceleration
Change in velocity over time
Force
Newton's second law
Kinetic Energy
Energy of motion
Potential Energy
Gravitational potential energy
Work
Force times displacement
Power
Work done per unit time
Momentum
Mass times velocity
Waves & Oscillations
Wave Speed
Frequency times wavelength
Period
Inverse of frequency
Simple Harmonic Motion
Position in SHM
Angular Frequency
Radians per second
Spring Force
Hooke's law
Pendulum Period
Simple pendulum period
Thermodynamics
Heat Transfer
Heat equals mass times specific heat times temperature change
Ideal Gas Law
Pressure, volume, moles, and temperature relationship
First Law
Change in internal energy
Efficiency
Work output over heat input
Carnot Efficiency
Maximum theoretical efficiency
Electricity & Magnetism
Ohm's Law
Voltage equals current times resistance
Electric Power
Power in electrical circuits
Coulomb's Law
Force between charges
Electric Field
Force per unit charge
Capacitance
Charge storage ability
Magnetic Force
Force on moving charge in magnetic field
Modern Physics
Energy-Mass
Einstein's mass-energy equivalence
Photon Energy
Energy of electromagnetic radiation
de Broglie Wavelength
Matter wave wavelength
Uncertainty Principle
Heisenberg uncertainty principle
Time Dilation
Time dilation in special relativity
Quick Reference Guide
Common Prefixes
Unit Conversions
About Physics Formulas
Physics formulas are mathematical expressions that describe the relationships between different physical quantities. These equations form the foundation of our understanding of the natural world, from the motion of objects to the behavior of light and matter at the quantum level.
This comprehensive formula sheet covers the essential equations from classical mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism, waves, and modern physics. Each formula is presented with clear variable definitions and practical applications to help students and professionals apply them effectively.
Whether you're solving homework problems, preparing for exams, or working on research projects, having quick access to these fundamental physics equations will enhance your problem-solving efficiency and deepen your understanding of physical principles.
How to Use This Formula Sheet
Identify the Physics Topic
Determine which area of physics your problem involves: mechanics, thermodynamics, electricity, etc.
Find the Relevant Formula
Browse the appropriate section to locate the formula that relates the quantities in your problem.
Check Units and Constants
Ensure your values are in the correct units and use the provided constants for accurate calculations.
Apply and Verify
Substitute your values into the formula and check that your answer makes physical sense.
Physics Formula Study Tips
Understand, Don't Just Memorize
Focus on understanding what each variable represents and how formulas are derived.
Practice Unit Analysis
Always check that your units work out correctly - it's a great way to catch errors.
Connect Related Formulas
Understand how different equations relate to each other and can be combined.
Practice Problem Solving
Apply formulas to various problems to build intuition and confidence.
Use Visual Aids
Draw diagrams and graphs to visualize what the formulas represent physically.
Verify Your Answers
Always check if your numerical result makes sense in the physical context.
Frequently Asked Questions
Get answers to common questions about physics formula sheet