How does a 401(k) employer match work?
Your employer adds money based on what you contribute, up to a cap. “50% of the first 6%” means that if you contribute 6% of pay, your employer adds 3%; contribute 2% and they add 1%. Anything you contribute above 6% gets no match, but still grows tax-deferred.
Many employers use a vesting schedule — you may need to stay two to six years before the match fully belongs to you. Your own contributions are always 100% yours.
What are the 2026 401(k) limits?
| Age in 2026 | Employee limit |
|---|---|
| Under 50 | $24,500 |
| 50–59 and 64+ | $32,500 |
| 60–63 | $35,750 |
Traditional or Roth 401(k)?
Traditional contributions cut your tax bill now; Roth contributions are taxed now but come out tax-free in retirement. The same logic as IRAs applies — compare your rates with the Roth vs Traditional calculator, and check the paycheck impact with the take-home pay calculator.
Frequently asked questions
What is the 401(k) contribution limit for 2026?
$24,500 in employee deferrals. If you’re 50 or older you can add $8,000 (total $32,500), and if you’re 60 to 63 the catch-up is $11,250 (total $35,750). Employer contributions don’t count toward the employee limit.
How much should I contribute to get the full match?
At least the percentage your employer matches up to. For “50% of the first 6%” that’s 6%; for the common safe-harbor formula “100% of 3% plus 50% of the next 2%” it’s 5%. Below that, you are turning down part of your pay.
Is the employer match taxed?
Employer matching contributions go in pre-tax and are taxed as ordinary income when you withdraw them, even if your own contributions are Roth (some plans now allow Roth match under SECURE 2.0).
How much does a 401(k) contribution reduce my paycheck?
Less than the amount you contribute. A traditional contribution lowers your federal and most state income tax, so in the 22% bracket a $100 contribution costs about $78 of take-home pay before state tax. The calculator shows your exact figure.
What return should I assume?
Long-run US stock returns have averaged around 10% a year before inflation; a diversified mix of stocks and bonds is often modeled at 5%–7%. Use a lower number if you want a conservative plan, and remember fees reduce returns.
Sources
Estimates for planning, not financial, tax or legal advice. CalciTools calculators use published government figures and the assumptions shown on each page. Your actual numbers depend on details we don’t model. Check important decisions with a qualified professional.