What comes out of a paycheck in the US?
Every W-2 paycheck has the same core deductions: federal income tax (based on your W-4 and the 2026 brackets), Social Security at 6.2% and Medicare at 1.45% (together called FICA), and in 41 states plus DC, state income tax. Some states also withhold a disability or paid family leave premium — California’s SDI is 1.3% of all wages in 2026.
On top of taxes, your employer deducts anything you elect: retirement contributions, health insurance, HSA or FSA, and after-tax items like Roth 401(k) or union dues.
How much more do you keep in a no-income-tax state?
At $75,000, a single filer in Texas keeps $3,071 more per year than the same worker in California, and $3,371 more than in New York. Nine states don’t tax wages at all: Alaska, Florida, Nevada, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington and Wyoming. Compare any two using the state links below.
How accurate is this paycheck estimate?
The calculator uses the annualized method from IRS Publication 15-T with the standard deduction, so the yearly total matches what you’d owe with a default W-4. Your actual per-paycheck withholding can differ if you claimed dependents or extra withholding on your W-4, have multiple jobs, or receive bonuses. Local taxes (such as New York City or Philadelphia wage taxes) aren’t included. For the full-year picture including credits, use the income tax calculator.
How do I calculate my take-home pay?
- 1Start with gross pay for the year (hourly rate × hours × 52 if you’re paid hourly).
- 2Subtract pre-tax deductions: traditional 401(k) reduces income tax only; health premiums and HSA reduce both income tax and FICA.
- 3Subtract the standard deduction ($16,100 single, $32,200 joint) and apply the 2026 federal brackets to get annual federal income tax.
- 4Take 6.2% for Social Security on wages up to $184,500 and 1.45% for Medicare (plus 0.9% above $200,000).
- 5Apply your state’s income tax and any state disability or paid-leave premium.
- 6Divide what’s left by your number of paychecks: 52 weekly, 26 biweekly, 24 semimonthly or 12 monthly.
Take-home pay by state
No state income tax on wages (9)
Flat-rate states (14)
Frequently asked questions
How much tax is taken out of a $75,000 paycheck?
For a single filer paid every two weeks in a no-income-tax state like Texas, about $515.67 per paycheck goes to federal income tax, Social Security and Medicare, leaving $2,368.94. In California the same salary nets $2,250.83 after state income tax and SDI.
What percentage of my paycheck goes to taxes?
Most middle-income workers lose roughly 18% to 30% of gross pay to taxes: 7.65% for Social Security and Medicare, 5% to 15% effective federal income tax, and 0% to 9% for state tax. The calculator shows your exact share.
Do 401(k) contributions reduce my take-home pay dollar for dollar?
No. A traditional 401(k) contribution comes out before income tax, so each dollar you save costs less than a dollar of take-home pay. At $75,000 in Texas, contributing 6% ($4,500 a year) reduces take-home pay by only about $3,510 a year.
Why is my first paycheck of the year different?
Withholding can change when Social Security stops after you pass the $184,500 wage base, when you change W-4 settings, after bonuses (often withheld at a flat 22%), or when benefits elections change in January.
Are tips and overtime still taxed on my paycheck?
Yes. Employers still withhold income tax, Social Security and Medicare on tips and overtime. The new 2025–2028 deductions lower your tax when you file, so you may get some of it back as a refund — see the income tax calculator.
Sources
- IRS — Tax inflation adjustments for tax year 2026 (Rev. Proc. 2025-32)
- IRS Publication 15-T — Federal income tax withholding methods
- Social Security Administration — Contribution and benefit base
- Tax Foundation — State Individual Income Tax Rates and Brackets, 2026
- California EDD — 2026 SDI withholding rate
- New York Paid Family Leave — 2026 contribution rate
Estimates only — not tax advice. CalciTools is not a CPA or law firm. These figures are educational estimates based on published IRS and state rates and a simplified model (they don't cover every deduction, credit, or situation). Verify with the IRS, your state tax agency, or a tax professional before making payments. Sources: IRS Rev. Proc. inflation adjustments & state Departments of Revenue.